Usually one can read file into an array using PHP's file function but that's okay when size of file is in few hundred KB, if your file-size is running in to few MB to few hundred MB we need to find and use some efficient way to play with them. Because with large file reading as an array we can (and certainly will) run into memory outage issue.

To remove lines from the end of file you can use following snippet of code:

 
// Function to truncate last N lines from the file
function truncate_last_n_lines_of_file($file, $lines_to_remove, $chunk = 1024)
{
	// Open file in read+write mode
	$handle = @fopen($file, "a+");
	$lines_found = array();
 
	// Check if it's a valid file handle
	if($handle)
	{
		// size of file
		$max_length = $file_size = filesize($file);
		if(intval($file_size) == PHP_INT_MAX)
		{
			$max_length = PHP_INT_MAX;
		}
 
		// loop through file as long as we are not done with truncating required files
		for($length = 0; $length < $max_length; $length += $chunk)
		{
			if( ($max_length - $length) > $chunk)
			{
				$seek_size = $chunk;
			}
			else
			{
				$seek_size = $max_length - $length;
			}
 
			// read data in chunk
			fseek($handle, ($length + $seek_size) * -1, SEEK_END);
			$data = fread($handle, $seek_size) . $data;
 
			// Loop thorugh chunk to see if we are done with truncate
			for($i = $chunk; $i > 0; $i--)
			{
				if($data[$i-1] == "\n")
				{
					$lines_found[] = $i;
				}
				if(count($lines_found) == $lines_to_remove+1)
				{
					ftruncate($handle, ($max_length) - ($seek_size - $lines_found[$lines_to_remove]));
					return true;
				}
			}
			fclose($handle);
		}
		return false;
	}
}
 

How to use?

// To remove last 10 lines from the file
truncate_last_n_lines_of_file("./data.txt", 10);

If you find this useful and come across some problem let me know or if you get a fix or do value addition, please add up as a comment.Similar Posts:

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I searched through PHP.INI file and found following settings:

; Valid range 0 - 2147483647.  Default = 4096.
;mssql.textlimit = 4096
 
; Valid range 0 - 2147483647.  Default = 4096.
;mssql.textsize = 4096

I removed ";" and made values as zero, thinking that it will let PHP read unlimited size of data but didn't work out. So changed it to max value specified as following and worked perfect:

; Valid range 0 - 2147483647.  Default = 4096.
mssql.textlimit = 2147483647
 
; Valid range 0 - 2147483647.  Default = 4096.
mssql.textsize = 2147483647

I was able to restore 4000+ BLOB records, creating 10GB of data on file-system with every file being migrated perfectly.

Did this post help you? or did you encountered similar problem? Please share your experience with us. As sharing is the karma of open-source developers like us.!Similar Posts:

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groks URLs

cURL is very important tool for PHP programmers, we tends to do so many thing with using this tool. Posting data, imitating a form post and lot more, it's usage is countless. Some time back I came across situation where we have to post files to a 3rd party faxing service. I knew there are many possibilities but I didn't wanted to get into sockets and file stream to get this done, just wanted to post FILE in addition to rest of the post data.

// URL on which we have to post data
$url = "http://localhost/tutorials/post_action.php";
// Any other field you might want to catch
$post_data['name'] = "khan";
// File you want to upload/post
$post_data['file'] = "@c:/logs.log";
 
// Initialize cURL
$ch = curl_init();
// Set URL on which you want to post the Form and/or data
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
// Data+Files to be posted
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_data);
// Pass TRUE or 1 if you want to wait for and catch the response against the request made
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
// For Debug mode; shows up any error encountered during the operation
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);
// Execute the request
$response = curl_exec($ch);
 
// Just for debug: to see response
echo $response;

Above Code is the bare minimum required to post/upload file using CURL. As used in above example, it's not mandatory to use array index as "file". You can use anything required depending upon the requirement.

Posting multiple files is also easy, with the same code you can add multiple file upload using following lines:

$post_data['alian_error_log'] = "@c:/alian_app_error.log";
$post_data['myapp_error_log'] = "@c:/myapp_error.log";

Here @ is the key character, prefixing local file path with @ does all the trick.



cURL Post - as being received on posted URL

With PHP we can use cURL using libcurl extension for PHP. It comes bundled with most of the WAMP packages and available on almost all managed/web hosting environments.Similar Posts:

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WAMP Packages

Availability of WAMP packages is not a new story, they are here since the beginning of last decade now. EasyPHP, Wamp, XAMPP and dozens of them. Find comparison of WAMP packages on Wikipedia here.

We are here not to discuss all of them, just top 3 to 5 which are active and we can use them reliably for development or optionally for production purpose or both.

Having WAMP stake up-to-date on production environment is important as we are using open-source technologies and there are few to hundreds of critical to non-critical bugs are being fixed with every new release of the software, and if it's development environment we would like to test new features when they're hot.!

Zend Server, Zend Server Cluster Manager and Zend Server Community Edition:

Zend Server (CE)

All 3 editions are highly reliable and ready for production usage. I have tried both Zend Server and ZS-Community Edition, Zend Server - Commercial version is pre-tweaked for performance on production environment and Community Edition do not have some of the goodies. But that does not stop you or me from using Zend Server - CE on production. Zend Server comes with beautiful web-panel to administer, control and configure server from the browser itself. We can change PHP and Apache parameters, check server status and even restart service from within browser itself, this feature makes it good choice for remote server administration.

Zend Server - CE is as good for development as it is for production. It comes as Apache and PHP package where MySQL is an optional download during the installation wizard.

The Uniform Server:

The Uniform Server

Uniform Server is comparatively new kid on the floor and highly configurable for both development and production use. It comes with system tray using which we can switch Apache and PHP configuration files from development to production or back and forth.

It comes in both VC6 and VC9 binaries for Windows and I must say it's most up-to-date WAMP package so far (I mean next or equal to Zend). Rest of all WAMP packages take week to months to bundle latest version of Apache, PHP or MySQL but I have observed Uniform Server very quick with that. This is main benefit if you are really looking for such option to use on production server.

Installation is simplest - extract and done. Comes with minimum, no big bucket (just 11-13MB in size).

Comes with some handy plug-ins for FTP, Resin, Tomcat etc. It has e-Accelerator packed with it is recommended for production use.

WampServer:

WampServer

WampServer is decent Apache, MySQL and PHP stake, which comes as installer. Best part of it is that you can keep multiple version of PHP, Apache and MySQL over the same installation and at a time you can choose which version of A/M/P you want to run. It provides you wide variety of choice to choose from and we can always download newer version of PHP or MySQL or Apache and install as an add-on and if not suitable we can revert-back to older one just by a click or two.

Since last couple of years upgrades to components were slower and since Jan'11 I see some pace built-up. Recently included webGrind, X-debug etc in latest WampServer 2.1e, good for development will need some tweaking for usage in production.

XAMPP:

XAMPP - ApacheFriends

This is my old companion for development machines and sometimes for production too. Though ApacheFriends do not recommend usage of XAMPP stake for production (it's for development and if you want to use for production use it at your own risk, but basically it's because of security reasons and default passwords and certain parameters in configs).

Comes in many packages for Mac, Linux and Windows so it's not just for Windows it's for all. It has been long time I have seen final version since XAMPP 1.7.3, which was released in Dec'09. Though it is active but recent version are still in beta (it's too much, as it has been 2 years to a non-beta release).

It has flavors like Full, Lite and has plugins for Perl, Tomcat and many other goodies.

Finally: After all we can use Zend Server or The Uniform Server for Production, while WampServer and XAMPP are good choice to kick-start the development as they come with lot of goodies. Zend does not release upgrades for Zend Server CE as they are only available for Enterprise/Commercial Edition along with support and other things. But it should be fine, as even if you go for any other choice upgrades will be manual only. When I say manual it will be replacing the current package and setting up your database and web-application on newer one again.

Though installing Apache, MySQL and PHP separately is also important, which will help us learn how they all are tied together.

I do not say other WAMP bundles are not good, but these 4 I have used personally for years and I like them. There are many teams and developer communities working hard to prepare similar WAMP packages and I respect all their hard-work and efforts and I am grateful to them for making our life easy.

Please share your feedback as comments on the article/post, share with friends if you like.Similar Posts:

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CodeIgniter - An MVC framework for PHP

I have been using CodeIgniter since some time and used in couple of my projects. It's a good and easy to use PHP MVC Framework, which takes you on the road very quickly and you start developing real time application with it. For any experienced PHP Programmer it's matter of few hours to start working with CI and get started-on with production.

It's got decent documentation (User Guide, Wiki and Community support forum). No configuration and no command-lines. Last release was way back in September'09 and I heard something about v1.8 sometime after that. But now it has been more than 1 year and recently while going through news section on CI website I read a post stating that new version of framework CI2 is about to be released.

I got excited and downloaded a copy from bitbucket. I was happy to see that CodeIgniter2 will be dropping PHP4 support step by step. There are lot of new changes/additions which you might be interested in if you're day-to-day CI user. Ellislab being professional company CI2 has been already used in their newer version of ExpressionEngine.

Here are some of the changes I have grabbed from CodeIgniter2 User Guide:

• General changes
  • PHP 4 support is deprecated. Features new to 2.0.0 may not support PHP 4, and all legacy features will no longer support PHP 4 as of 2.1.0. (Good)
  • Scaffolding, having been deprecated for a number of versions, has been removed.
  • Plugins have been removed, in favor of Helpers. The CAPTCHA plugin has been converted to a Helper and documented. The JavaScript calendar plugin was removed due to the ready availability of great JavaScript calendars, particularly with jQuery.
  • Added new special Library type: Drivers.
  • Moved the application folder outside of the system folder. (I liked this)
  • Added routing overrides to the main index.php file, enabling the normal routing to be overridden on a per "index" file basis.
  • Added the ability to set config values (or override config values) directly from data set in the main index.php file. This allows a single application to be used with multiple front controllers, each having its own config values.
  • Added $config['directory_trigger'] to the config file so that a controller sub-directory can be specified when running _GET strings instead of URI segments.
  • Added ability to set "Package" paths - specific paths where the Loader and Config classes should try to look first for a requested file. This allows distribution of sub-applications with their own libraries, models, config files, etc. in a single "package" directory. See the Loader class documentation for more details.
  • In-development code is now hosted at BitBucket. (Go grab your copy)
  • Removed the deprecated Validation Class.
• Libraries
  • Added $prefix, $suffix and $first_url properties to Pagination library.
  • Added the ability to suppress first, previous, next, last, and page links by setting their values to FALSE in the Pagination library.
  • Added Security library, which now contains the xss_clean function, filename_security function and other security related functions.
  • Added CSRF (Cross-site Reference Forgery) protection to the Security library.
  • Added $parse_exec_vars property to Output library.
  • Added ability to enable / disable individual sections of the Profiler
  • Added a wildcard option $config['allowed_types'] = '*' to the File Uploading Class.
  • Added an 'object' config variable to the XML-RPC Server library so that one can specify the object to look for requested methods, instead of assuming it is in the $CI superobject.
  • Added "is_object" into the list of unit tests capable of being run.
  • Table library will generate an empty cell with a blank string, or NULL value.
  • Added ability to set tag attributes for individual cells in the Table library
  • Added a parse_string() method to the Parser Class.
  • Added HTTP headers and Config information to the Profiler output.
  • Added Chrome and Flock to the list of detectable browsers by browser() in the User Agent Class.
  • The Unit Test Class now has an optional "notes" field available to it, and allows for discrete display of test result items using $this->unit->set_test_items().
  • Added a $xss_clean class variable to the XMLRPC library, enabling control over the use of the Security library's xss_clean() method.
  • Added a download() method to the FTP library
  • Changed do_xss_clean() to return FALSE if the uploaded file fails XSS checks.
  • Added stripslashes() and trim()ing of double quotes from $_FILES type value to standardize input in Upload library.
  • Added a second parameter (boolean) to $this->zip->read_dir('/path/to/directory', FALSE) to remove the preceding trail of empty folders when creating a Zip archive. This example would contain a zip with "directory" and all of its contents.
  • Added ability in the Image Library to handle PNG transparency for resize operations when using the GD lib.
  • Modified the Session class to prevent use if no encryption key is set in the config file.
  • Added a new config item to the Session class sess_expire_on_close to allow sessions to auto-expire when the browser window is closed.
  • Improved performance of the Encryption library on servers where Mcrypt is available.
  • Changed the default encryption mode in the Encryption library to CBC.
  • Added an encode_from_legacy() method to provide a way to transition encrypted data from CodeIgniter 1.x to CodeIgniter 2.x. Please see the upgrade instructions for details.
• Database
  • Added swap_pre value to database configuration.
  • Added autoinit value to database configuration.
  • Added stricton value to database configuration.
  • Added database_exists() to the Database Utilities Class.
  • Semantic change to db->version() function to allow a list of exceptions for databases with functions to return version string instead of specially formed SQL queries. Currently this list only includes Oracle and SQLite.
  • Fixed a bug where driver specific table identifier protection could lead to malformed queries in the field_data() functions.
  • Fixed a bug where an undefined class variable was referenced in database drivers.
  • Modified the database errors to show the filename and line number of the problematic query.
  • Removed the following deprecated functions: orwhere, orlike, groupby, orhaving, orderby, getwhere.
  • Removed deprecated _drop_database() and _create_database() functions from the db utility drivers.
• Helpers
  • Added convert_accented_characters() function to text helper.
  • Added accept-charset to the list of inserted attributes of form_open() in the Form Helper.
  • Deprecated the dohash() function in favour of do_hash() for naming consistency.
  • Non-backwards compatible change made to get_dir_file_info() in the File Helper. No longer recurses by default so as to encourage responsible use (this function can cause server performance issues when used without caution).
  • Modified the second parameter of directory_map() in the Directory Helper to accept an integer to specify recursion depth.
  • Modified delete_files() in the File Helper to return FALSE on failure.
  • Added an optional second parameter to byte_format() in the Number Helper to allow for decimal precision.
  • Added alpha, and sha1 string types to random_string() in the String Helper.
  • Modified prep_url() so as to not prepend http:// if the supplied string already has a scheme.
  • Modified get_file_info in the file helper, changing filectime() to filemtime() for dates.
  • Modified smiley_js() to add optional third parameter to return only the javascript with no script tags.
  • The img() function of the HTML helper will now generate an empty string as an alt attribute if one is not provided.
  • If CSRF is enabled in the application config file, form_open() will automatically insert it as a hidden field.
  • Added sanitize_filename() into the Security helper.
  • Added ellipsize() to the Text Helper
  • Added elements() to the Array Helper
• Other Changes
  • Added an optional second parameter to show_404() to disable logging.
  • Updated loader to automatically apply the sub-class prefix as an option when loading classes. Class names can be prefixed with the standard "CI_" or the same prefix as the subclass prefix, or no prefix at all.
  • Increased randomness with is_really_writable() to avoid file collisions when hundreds or thousands of requests occur at once.
  • Switched some DIR_WRITE_MODE constant uses to FILE_WRITE_MODE where files and not directories are being operated on.
  • get_mime_by_extension() is now case insensitive.
  • Added "default" to the list Reserved Names.
  • Added 'application/x-msdownload' for .exe files and ''application/x-gzip-compressed' for .tgz files to config/mimes.php.
  • Updated the output library to no longer compress output or send content-length headers if the server runs with zlib.output_compression enabled.
  • Eliminated a call to is_really_writable() on each request unless it is really needed (Output caching)
  • Documented append_output() in the Output Class.
  • Documented a second argument in the decode() function for the Encryption Class.
  • Documented db->close().
  • Moved _remove_invisible_characters() function from the Security Library to common functions.

You can grab complete list of changes with bug-fixes here. Though considering a major release I do not see any changes gives developer Wow...! experience..! majority were expected changes or enhancements over time.

It's not officially released yet but when we download it has User Guide ready and we may see few more changes before it gets officially available for production. But I am sure one can use it for production (if had hands with CI previously or been PHP expert to take care if something goes unexpected.)

So did you got your hands on CodeIgniter2? How was your experience with CI so far?

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Smarty PHP Template Engine

There could be some or lot of us in PHP World who might have not heard about Smarty..! Yes, Smarty is the PHP Template Engine since ages. Why Ages......? some of you might ask.. but it is there since long... really long, even before we started hearing about these PHP Frameworks.

I have been using Smarty in some of my projects and as part of my daily usage component I have been following up on the Smarty Website. If you are like me you might have noticed that it has been more than one year (8 beta and 3 rc releases) that Smarty 3.0 is almost there and still there is no final release.

May be it's indication or beginning of the announcement of death of Only Template Engine PHP Frameworks or something else. Somehow community does not seems to be active or founders or whatever. Now a days many MVC frameworks are choice of developers and they either have in-built template-engine or no-template-engine or plug-in-support for template engines.

No matter what Smarty 3.0 claims to be loaded with following features:

• PHP5 OO design
• SPEED
• Object Chaining
• Exception Error Handling
• Assigned Data Objects
• Multiple Template Objects
• Static Object Access
• Pure PHP Template Option
• Powerful Parser/Lexer
• Tons of Template Syntax Enhancements
• Improved Data Scoping Features
• Variable Filters (ie. auto-html-escape)
• In-template Functions (easy recursion)
• Template Inheritance
• PHP Streams Support (per template/variable/include)
• Smart javascript/css handling (no more {literal} tags)
• Improved Cache handling (per template/variable/function)
• and much more..!

Though as per my knowledge I have analyzed that Smarty 3.0 don't bring much speed over Smarty 2.x series, but as we can see there are many other benefits/features worth upgrading to newer release.

You can try downloading it from here.

Please share your experience with Smarty or your favorite template engine with us here by posting them on comments section.Similar Posts:

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It is not only about deprecated functions which are creating Warnings or Notices but TCPDF library for generating PDF has created some wired problems due to which I have to roll back to the older version, as it was one of the crucial functionality of the application. It was not a planned version upgrade but it was a server migration and on the fly I tried upgrading PHP version also.

There are many functions and some of php.ini parameters which are deprecated, for complete list please refer http://www.php.net/manual/de/migration53.deprecated.php.

You can’t pass parameter while overriding “magic methods”; so if you ever had your __toString() method overridden with __toString($device = ‘SCREEN’) then it won’t work with PHP5.3. Other than that date_default_timezone() or similar timezone setup function also had some problems.

// This won't work with PHP5.3 and will work with 5.x
public function __tostring($device = "SCREEN")
{ ... }
 
// This will work with PHP5.3 and 5.x
public function __tostring()
{ ... }

So crux is if your applications are not ready for PHP5.3 it is not wise decision to upgrade and if you have to upgrade we should make sure to test whole application and all functionalities as with large development teams sometimes you never know who has used what all the time.Similar Posts:

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Just make sure to enable php_ldap extension before you move further.

// Uncomment following line from php.ini
extension=php_ldap.dll

Following code snippet could be used to authenticate and find out whether provided Username and Password belongs to valid Zimbra User or not by authenticating it with Zimbra's LDAP (Light-weight Directory Access Protocol) server. So this way if you want you can provide your intranet/business application users an ability to use their Zimbra (mail/collaboration system) password to be used as an optional way to authenticate themselves.

<?php
 
// Domain to be authenticated when your zimbra mail server is setup like "zimbra.domain.com"
$Domain = 'digitss';
 
// Username to be authenticated
$Username = 'guest';
 
// Password; these username and password could be passed from login form
$Password = 'password';
 
$IsValidUser = FALSE;
 
try
{
	// Just in case your Zimbra server is setup in a format like "zimbra.domain.com"
	$LDAPConnection    =    ldap_connect("zimbra.".$Domain.".com",389);
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
	$error = "Can't connect to LDAP server." . $e->getMessage();
}
// Set LDAP protocol version to 3: not being able to set will cause an error and can't continue further
if (!ldap_set_option($LDAPConnection,LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION,3))
{
	$error = "LDAP Server protocol error.";
}
 
// Authenticate Username and Password using ldap_bind function
try
{
	$LDAPbind    =    @ldap_bind($LDAPConnection,'uid='.$Username.',ou=people,dc='.$Domain.',dc=com' , $Password);
 
	if($LDAPbind)
	{
		$IsValidUser = TRUE;
	}
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
	$error = "Unable to bind: " . $e->getMessage();
}
 
?>

Above code snippet can be molded as a function which could optionally authenticate and users with Zimbra or any other LDAP authentication with little modification.

References:

http://us2.php.net/manual/en/book.ldap.php

http://www.zimbra.com/forums/21931-post1.html

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PHP 4.x Hosting:

So PHP 4.x support for hosting is fine and it's required to keep those applications running and being hosted without any maintenance saving efforts and time. So applications developed for PHP 4.x can run as long as they wish and till there are no equivalent forks of them available in PHP 5.x or newer version.

PHP 4.x for Development:

PHP 4.4.9 has been released as final release for PHP 4.x now and it has been announced as end of life for PHP 4.x now. So developing any project or framework by keeping PHP 4.x compatibility is not a good idea I believe. All projects or framework has to freeze their PHP 4.x versions and let only bug-fixes be made available for those versions and have new feature-set addition be on the fork which is only PHP 5.x. I think every project will have to come up with a date when they will join GoPHP5 rally. For example Symfony 1.2 and 1.3 (Symfony is a PHP 5 only MVC Framework) are specifically supporting PHP 5.2.4 or newer version only.

Basically for newer development it is better idea to use version which has longer future so that finally they don't need to write a fixes which allow those projects to continue working in both the environment. Which will save time on development, QA and maintanence all phases.

I am not against the PHP 4.x but it is a change which is eneviable and which has to happen in it's completeness sometime and change is for good. I am not sure how many of you agree with my thoughts but please share your thoughts on this subjects as comments for this post.Similar Posts:

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They have provided documentation to help implementing/developing compatible services but clarity was missing, we have to go forth and back to their staging (FASTRACK) support which was limited to email only in most of the case except for production you can get better support with phone agents. I mean it was bit tricky for first time Surescripts implementers.

OK, anyway let's get back to basics now, I have sample code in VB.NET and Java and I have to perform following operation: "The encoding process for password is: first convert to uppercase, then Unicode it in little-endian UTF16, then SHA1 it, then base64 encode it."

Sample VB.NET code:

UnicodeEncoding encoding = new UnicodeEncoding();
 
hashBytes = encoding.GetBytes(password.ToUpper().Trim());
 
SHA1 sha1 = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
 
byte[] cryptPassword = sha1.ComputeHash(hashBytes);
 
String pwd= Convert.ToBase64String(cryptPassword);

and here is,
Sample Java code:

System.out.println(new String (
new Base64().encode(MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(pwString.getBytes("UTF-16LE")))));

But, luckily or unluckily there was no PHP sample code which used to be the case many a times for such projects. I don't mind that and while I already worked real hard on rest of the part I have just developed a small simple one page VB.NET application/web-page which I could call from my PHP application to get the message digest in the desired way.

So I got my solution there at that time as always; may be in unconventional way but I don't mind as long as I can deliver acceptable solution in-time. But I would like some of the great PHP experts to digg into this matter and bring solution to the horizon. I believe some of the things in respect of text encoding are not much clear as I have tried lot to get this done in PHP itself and have spent good amount of time on that research as well. Tried using all sort of various encoding functions available in PHP including mbstring.

According to their code and samples for string "helloworld" the output should be "D3Kwlpztzu5ZimQFg916lDn8/rQ="; and yes it works really well without any headache (I tried VB.NET code and it worked for me right out of the box and C# conversion of that code worked as well). I know that Surescripts guys have build their backbone on .NET platform but such things should not matter here.

I would like to know "how?"; if we can get it done with the help of PHP. I believe in PHP and it's strength and that's why posting this on my blog hoping to see positive response

PS: Here skySignal has something similar to say about MD5 usage and implementation in PHP in respect to Microsoft.NET.Similar Posts:

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